Perbedaan antara E-COMMERCE dengan E-BUSINESS

Sumber: Difference Between e-business and e-commerce

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Internet telah membuat interaksi bisnis menjadi multi-aspek. Sekarang orang bisa melakukan bisnis, seperti membeli sesuatu, bertransaksi, dan menjalankan fungsi-fungsi bisnis melalui internet. Konsumen dan pemilik/pengelola bisnis dapat mendapatkan dan melakukan apa yang mereka inginkan tanpa harus meninggalkan beranjak dari tempat duduk, selama terhubung dengan internet.

 

Istilah e-business dan e-commerce seringkali terlihat dan digunakan untuk proses yang sama. Namun demikian, meskipun berhubungan, keduanya memiliki arti yang berbeda. Awalan “e” berarti “elektronik”, yang berarti kegiatan atau transaksi yang digunakan tanpa pertukaran atau kontak fisik. Transaksi diadakan secara elektronik atau digital, sesuatu dibuat menjadi mungkin dengan pesatnya perkembangan komunikasi digital.

E-commerce berarti transaksi bisnis melalui internet di mana pihak-pihak yang terlibat melakukan penjualan atau pembelian. Transaksi yang dilakukan dalam e-commerce pada dasarnya melibatkan pengalihan (transfer) atau penyerahterimaan (handing over) kepemilikan dan hak atas produk atau jasa.

Secara teknis, e-commerce hanya merupakan bagian dari e-business karena, menurut definisi, e-business adalah semua transaksi bisnis online, termasuk penjualan secara langsung kepada konsumen (e-commerce), transaksi dengan produsen dan pemasok, dan interaksi dengan mitra bisnis. Pertukaran informasi via database terpusat juga dilakukan dalam e-commerce. Fungsi-fungsi bisnis hanya terbatas pada sumber daya teknologi.

E-commerce pada prinsipnya melibatkan pertukaran uang dalam transaksi. E-business, karena lebih luas, tidak terbatas pada transaksi yang bersifat keuangan (monetary). Semua aspek dalam bisnis, seperti pemasaran, perancangan produk, manajemen pemasokan, dsb., tercakup

E-business lebih mengenai pembuatan produk besar, ide kreatif dan pemberian layanan yang bermutu, perencanaan pemasaran produk dan pelaksanaannya. Jadi, tentu saja, e-commerce merupakan bagian takterpisahkan dari proses e-business, namun dalam kerangka terbatas, e-commerce merupakan kegiatan menjual dan membeli.

Ringkasan:

1. E-business lebih luas dalam lingkup dan e-commerce hanya merupakan satu aspek atau satu bagian dari e-business.

2. E-commerce hanya mencakup transaksi bisnis seperti membeli dan menjual barang dan jasa melalui internet.

3. E-commerce pada prinsipnya melibatkan perdagangan uang sedangkan dalam e-business, transaksi uang tidak diperlukan.

4. E-business melibatkan pemasaran, perancangan produk, evaluasi layanan konsumen, dll.

Istilah APBN [Terms used in Indonesian Budget]

Singkatan	Indonesian	English
AD	Alokasi Dasar	Allocation Base
ADB		Asian Development Bank
ADF		Asian Development Fund
AFD		Agency Francaise de Development
Alutsista	Alat Utama Sistem Pertahanan	Defense System Primary Tools
AM	Alokasi Minim	Minimum Allocation
APBD	Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah	Regional Government Budget
APBN	Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara	The Indonesian Budget
APBN-P	Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara Perubahan	Indonesian Revised Budget
Askeskin	Asuransi Kesehatan Masyarakat Miskin	Health Care Insurance for Poor People
ATM		Average Time to Maturity
ATMR	Aktiva Tertimbang Menurut Risiko	Risk-Based Balanced Asset
BI	Bank Indonesia	Indonesian Central Bank
Bappepam-LK	Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal-Lembaga Keuangan	Indonesia Capital Market and Financial Institution Supervisory Agency
BAS	Bagan Akun Standar	Chart of Account
BHMN	Badan Hukum Milik Negara	State-Owned Legal Entity
BHP Frekuensi	Biaya Hak Penggunaan Frekuensi	Cost of Frequency Utilization Providing Right
BHP Telekomunikasi	Biaya Hak Penyelenggaraan Telekomunikasi	Cost of Telecommunication Utilization Providing Right
BKMM	Balai Kesehatan Mata Masyarakat	Eye Clinic Services
BKPM	Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal	Indonesian Investment Coordination Board
BLBI	Bantuan Likuiditas Bank Indonesia	Bank Indonesia Liquidity Assistance
BLT	Bantuan Langsung Tunai	Unconditional Cash Transfer
BLU	Badan Layanan Umum	Public Service Agency
BMN	Barang Milik Negara	State-Owned Property
BOS	Bantuan Operasional Sekolah	School Operational Assistance
BP Migas	Badan Pelaksana Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi	The Implementing Agency for Upstream Oil and Natural Gas Business
BP4	Balai Pengobatan Penyakit Paru-Paru	Lung Disease Clinics
BPHTB	Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan Bangunan	Duties on Land and Building Transfer
BPJT	Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol	Toll Road Management Agency
BPK	Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan	Supreme Audit Agency
BPKB	Bukti Pemilikan Kendaraan Bermotor	Proof of Motorized Vehicle Ownership
BPLS	Badan Penanggulangan Lumpur Sidoarjo	Sidoarjo Mud Management Board
BPN	Badan Pertanahan Nasional	National Land Agency
BPP	Biaya Pokok Produksi	Cost of Goods Manufactured
BPPN	Badan Penyehatan Perbankan Nasional	Indonesia Banking Restructuring Agency
BPS	Badan Pusat Statistik	Central Bureau of Statistic
BPYBDS	Bantuan Pemerintah yang Belum Ditetapkan Statusnya	Undetermined Status of Government Assistance Settlement Yet
BUJT	Badan Usaha Jalan Tol	Toll-road Business Agency
BUMD	Badan Usaha Milik Daerah	Regional Owned Enterprises
BUMN	Badan Usaha Milik Negara	State-Owned Enterprises
BUN	Bendahara Umum Negara	General Treasurer
CF	Celah Fiskal	Fiscal Space
CIRR	Tingkat Bunga Komersial	Commercial Interest Reference Rate
CPO		Crude Palm Oil
CSR		Corporate Social Responsibility
DAK	Dana Alokasi Khusus	Specific Allocation Fund
DAU	Dana Alokasi Umum	General Allocation Fund
DBD	Demam Berdarah Dengue
DBH	Dana Bagi Hasil	Revenue Sharing Fund
Dekon	Dana Dekonsentrasi	Deconcentration Fund
DIPA	Daftar Isian Pelaksanaan Anggaran	Budget Implementation Registration Form
DMO		Domestic Market Obligation
DNPI	Dewan Nasional Perubahan Iklim	National Board of Climate Change
DPD	Dewan Perwakilan Daerah	Regional Representative Board
DPK	Dana Pihak Ketiga	Third Parties Fund
DPR	Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat	House of Representatives
DPRD	Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah	Regional House of Representatives
DRDTP	Dana Reboisasi Pajak Ditanggung Pemerintah	Reforestration Fund Tax Borne by the Government
ECAs		Export Credit Agencies
EMBO		Employee Management Buy Out
FR	Tingkat Bunga Tetap	Fixed Rate
GDP	Pendapatan Domestik Bruto (PDB)	Gross Domestic Product
GKG	Gabah Kering Giling	Dry-mill Rice
HJE	Harga Jual Eceran	Retail Price
ICP	Harga Minyak Mentah Indonesia	Indonesian Crude Oil Price
IDA		The International Development Association
IDB		Islamic Development Bank
IDPL		Infrastructure Development Program Loan
IFI		International Fund Institutions
IHK	Indeks Harga Konsumen	Consumer Price Index
IHSG	Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan	Composite Stock Price Index
IIUPH	Iuran Izin Usaha Pemanfaatan Hutan	Contribution of Forest Exploitation Business
IMB	Izin Mendirikan Bangunan	Permits Building License
IO	Organisasi International	International Organization
IPM	Indeks Pembangunan Manusia	Human Development Index
IPO	Penawaran Saham Perdana	Initial Public Offering
IPP	Pembangkit Tenaga Listrik Independen	Independent Power Plant Producer
ISDA		International Swaps and Derivative Association
Jamkesmas	Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat	Public Health Assurances
JBIC		Japan Bank for International Cooperation
JORR		Jakarta Outer Ring Road
JPY	Yen Jepang	Japan Yen
Kab/Kota	Kabupaten/Kota	District
KAP	Kantor Akuntan Publik	Public Accountant Firm
KEK	Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus	Special Economic Zone
KEKI	Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Investasi	Investment-Based Special Economic Zone
KF	Kesenjangan Fiskal	Fiscal Gap
KfW		Kreditancslalt fur wiedewafbau
KK	Kepala Keluarga	Family Head
KKKS	Kontraktor Kontrak Kerjasama	Cooperative Contract Contractor
Kopertis	Koordinator Perguruan Tinggi Swasta	Private Higher Education Coordinator
KKP-E	Kredit Program Ketahanan Pangan dan Energi	Energy and Food Stability Program
KPEN-RP	Kredit Pengembangan Energi Nabati dan Revitalisasi Perkebunan	Biofuel Development and Plantation Revitalization
KPP	Kantor Pelayanan Pajak	Tax Office
KPPN	Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara	Treasury Office in the Province or Regency Level
KPRSH	Kredit Pemilikan Rumah Sederhana Sehat	Simple and Healthy House Ownership Credit
KPS	Kontrak Production Sharing	Production Sharing Contract
KPU	Kantor Pelayanan Utama	Customs Office
KTP	Kartu Tanda Penduduk	Identity Card
KUP	Ketentuan Umum Perpajakan	General Provision and Tax Procedures
KUR	Kredit Usaha Rakyat	People Business Credit Program
LAKIP	Laporan Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah	Government Instance Performance Report
LKBB	Lembaga Keuangan Bukan Bank	Non Bank Financial Institution
LKPP	Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat	Audited Budget Realization
LPDM KUKM	Lembaga Pengelola Dana Bergulir Koperasi, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah	Revolving Fund Management Agency For Small and Medium Enterprises
LPS	Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan	Indonesia Deposit Insurance Corporation
MA	Madrasah Aliyah	(Islamic) Senior High School
MDGs		Millennium Development Goals
Mendagri	Menteri Dalam Negeri	Minister of Home Affairs
Menkeu	Menteri Keuangan	Minister of Finance
MI	Madrasah Ibtidaiyah	(Islamic) Elementary School
MTs	Madrasah Tsanawiyah	(Islamic) Junior High School
NJOP	Nilai Jual Obyek Pajak	Tax Objects Selling Price
NPHD	Naskah Pinjaman dan Hibah Daerah	Regional Loan and Grant Document
NPHLN	Naskah Pinjaman dan Hibah Luar Negeri	Foreign Loan and Grant Document
NPI	Neraca Pembayaran Indonesia	Indonesian Balance of Payment
NPPP	Naskah Perjanjian Penerusan Pinjaman	Subsidiary Loan Agreement Document
NPWP	Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak	Tax Identity Number
NSW		National Single Window
ODA		Official Development Assistance
OECD		Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
ON	Obligasi Negara	Government Bond
OPIC		Overseas Private Investment Corporation
ORI	Obligasi Retail Indonesia	Government Bond Retail
OTSUS	Otonomi Khusus	Special Autonomy
Kl3D	Pembiayaan, Personel, Perlengkapan, dan Dokumen	Take Over, Personnel, Equipment and Document
Kl4TK	Pusat Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan	Center for Teacher and Educational Personnel Development and Empowerment
PAD Kab/Kota	Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kab/ Kota	District Own Source Revenue
PAD Propinsi	Pendapatan Asli Daerah Propinsi	Region own source Revenue
Panja DPR	Panitia Kerja DPR	Budget Working Committee, One of Committee on the House of Representative
PAUD	Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini	Early Childhood Education
PBB	Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan	Land and Building Tax
PDB	Produk Domestik Bruto	Gross Domestic Product
PDN	Penerimaan Dalam Negeri	Domestic Revenue
PDRB	Produk Domestik Regional Bruto	Gross Domestic Regional Product
PDRD	Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah	Regional Tax and Regional Retribution
PDRI	Pajak Dalam Rangka Impor	Tax In Terms of Imports
Perda	Peraturan Daerah	Regional Regulation
Persero	Perseroan Terbatas	Limited Liabilities Company
Perum Jamkrindo	Perusahaan Umum Jaminan Kredit Indonesia	Indonesia Credit Guarantee Company
PHLN	Pinjaman dan Hibah Luar	Foreign Loan and Grant
PHP	Pungutan Hasil Perikanan	Duty Fishery Product
PKP2B	Perjanjian Karya Pengusaha Pertambangan Batubara	Coal Mining Exploitation Work Agreement
PKPS	Penyelesaian Kewajiban Pemegang Saham	Shareholder’s Obligation Settlement
PLTP	Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi	Geothermal Electricity Power Plant
PLTU	Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap	Steam Electricity Power Plant
PMA	Penanaman Modal Asing	Foreign Investment
PMDN	Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri	Domestic Investment
PMK	Peraturan Menteri Keuangan	Minister of Finance Decree
PMN	Penyertaan Modal Negara	Government capital
PMTB	Pembentukan Modal Tetap Bruto	Gross Fixed Capital Formation
PNBP	Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak	Non Tax Revenues
PNPM	Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat	National Program for Community Empowerment
PNS	Pegawai Negeri Sipil	Government Civil Servants
PP	Peraturan Pemerintah	Government Regulation
PPA	Pungutan Perikanan Asing	Duty on Foreign Fishery Income Tax
PPh	Pajak Penghasilan	Income tax
PPJT	Perjanjian Pengusahaan Jalan Tol	Toll road development agreement
PPN	Pajak Pertambahan Nilai	Value Added Tax
PPnBM	Pajak Penjualan atas Barang Mewah	Sales Tax on Luxury Goods
PPP	Pungutan Pengusahaan Perikanan	Fishery Exploitation Collection
Propenas	Program Pembangunan Nasional	National Development Program
PSDH	Provisi Sumber Daya Hutan	Forest Resources Provision
PSO		Public Service Obligation
Kepmen	Keputusan Menteri	Ministerial Decree
Kepres	Keputusan Presiden	Presidential Decree
Askrindo	Asuransi Kredit Indonesia	Indonesia Insurance Company for Small and Medium Enterprises
KAI	Kereta Api Indonesia	Indonesia Railways Company
PDAM	Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum	Water Supply Company
Pelni	Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia	Shipping Company
Pertamina	Perusahaan Tambang Minyak Nasional	National Oil Company
PGN	Perusahaan Gas Negara	Government Gas Company
PLN	Perusahaan Listrik Negara	National Electricity Company
PPA	Perusahaan Pengelola Aset	State Owned Asset Management Company
Pusri	Pupuk Sriwijaya	Government Fertilizer Company
Taspen		Civil Servant Old Saving and Pension Program Company
Telkom		Telecommunication company
PTKP	Pendapatan Tidak Kena Pajak	Non taxable Income
PTUN	Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara	Civil Court of Justice
PUAB	Pasar Uang Antar Bank	Inter Bank Money Market
PUAP	Pengembangan Usaha Agribisnis Pedesaan	Village Agribusiness Enterprises Development
Puskesmas	Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat	Public Health Center
RAPBN	Rencana Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara	Indonesian Proposed Budget
Raperda	Rancangan Peraturan Daerah	Proposed Regional Regulation
Raskin	Beras untuk Rakyat Miskin	Rice for Poor
RDI	Rekening Dana Investasi	Investment Fund Account
RDKK	Rencana Definitif Kebutuhan Kelompok	Group Need Definitive Plan
RKA-KL	Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran-Kementrian Lembaga	Work and Budget Planning of Ministry/Agency
RKP	Rencana Kerja Pemerintah	Government Work Plan
RPD	Rekening Pembangunan Daerah	Regional Development Account
RPJM	Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah	Medium Term Development Plan
RPJMN	Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Menengah Nasional	Medium-Term National Development Plan
RPP	Rancangan Peraturan Pemerintah	Draft Government Regulation
RSH	Rumah Sederhana Sehat	Simple and Healthy House
RT	Rumah Tangga	Family
RTS	Rumah Tangga Sasaran	Targeted Household
RUU	Rancangan Undang-Undang	Draft Law
SAI	Sistem Akuntansi Instansi	Instance Accountancy System
SAP	Sistem Akuntansi Pemerintah	Government Accounting System
SBI	Sertifikat Bank Indonesia	Certificate of Bank of Indonesia
SBN	Surat Berharga Negara	Government Securities
SBSN	Surat Berharga Syariah Negara	Islamic Based Government Securities
SD	Sekolah Dasar	Elementary School
SDA	Sumber Daya Alam	Natural Resources
SDR		Special Drawing Right
SIKD	Sistem Informasi Keuangan Daerah	Region Finance Information System
Silpa	Sisa Lebih Pembiayaan Anggaran	Financing Surplus
SIM	Surat Izin Mengemudi	Driving License
SKPD	Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah	Regional Work Unit
SLA	Penerusan pinjaman	Subsidiary Loan Agreement
SMA	Sekolah Menengah Atas	Junior High School
SMP	Sekolah Menengah Pertama	Senior High School
SPM	Standar Pelayanan Minimum	Minimum Service Standard
SPN	Surat Perbendaharaan Negara	Government Treasury Bill
SPT	Surat Pemberitahuan	Tax Return
STCK	Surat Tanda Coba Kendaraan	Vehicle Test Cards
STNK	Surat Tanda Nomor Kendaraan	Vehicle Registration Cards
SU	Surat Utang	Debt Instrument
SUN	Surat Utang Negara	Conventional Based Government Securities
TDL	Tarif Dasar Listrik	Electricity Base Tarif Rate
THT	Tunjangan Hari Tua	Old-age Allowance
TNII	Tentara Nasional Indonesia	Indonesian Army
TP	Tugas Pembantuan	Co-Administration Task
UKM	Usaha Kecil Menengah	Small Medium Enterprises
UMKM	Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah	Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises
UPIT	Unit Pelayanan Investasi Terpadu	Unified Investment Service Unit
UPT	Unit Pelayanan Terpadu	Integrated Service Unit
USD		United States Dollar
UT	Universitas Terbuka	Open University
VR	Tingkat Bunga Mengambang	Variable Rate
Wajar 9 Tahun	Wajib Belajar 9 Tahun	9-year Primary Education
WPOPDN	Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Dalam Negeri	Domestic Personal Tax Payers
ZC		Zero Coupon

Kamus Istilah Hukum - A

A
In English / dalam Bahasa Inggris	In Indonesian /dalam Bahasa Indonesia	Description/Pengertian
abrogate	abrogasi	To annul or repeal. For example, laws may abrogate rights, duties and obligations.
abstain	abstain	Refusing to vote.
acceptance	aksep / akseptasi	Agreement to pay by signing a bill of exchange.
accession	aksesi	Formal acceptance by a state of an international agreement even though that state did not take part in its negotiation or signing. Usually only permitted with consent of participating states or if provided for in the agreement.
accused	terdakwa	At Indonesian law, a person against whom an indictment has been read by a prosecutor in a criminal court. This person is then tried for the crime referred to in the indictment. If that person is found guilty, he or she is then referred to as the ‘convict ‘(terpidana).
accused	tertuduh	At Indonesian law, this word is used in a number of different and inconsistent ways. it can be: (1) used generally to refer to anyone who has at some time been accused of a crime regardless of whether they are currently a suspect (tersangka), defendant (terdakwa), or convict (terpidana); (2) synonymous with tersangka; (3) synonymous with ‘charged’, that is, to be formally accused by police of committing a particular crime; (4) used generally to refer to someone who has been accused of doing something, even in a non-legal sense; (5) used to refer to a person or as a verb (the act of being accused).
acquisition (of control of land)	akuisisi/pengambilalihan	The act of gaining physical control of land, including by a person who is not the owner, usually on the basis of court decision. also used to refer to the transfer of a land right to the government in the public interest – in theory, with payment of adequate compensation on the basis of presidential decision no 55 of 1993.
acquittal	bebas murni	The accused is set free by a court on grounds of insufficient evidence. A prosecutor cannot appeal this decision.
act	undang-undang
act which breaks the law	perbuatan melanggar hukum
additional punishment	hukuman tambahan	Punishment that is handed down against a convict in addition to the primary punishment and which is more civil in nature. These punishments include the repeal of certain rights, seizure of certain goods and public announcement of the court’s decision.
administrative law	hukum administrasi negara	This body of law places legal limits on government action and allows citizens to seek damages or other remedies for breaches of those limits.
administrator	pengurus	Person appointed by a court to handle the affairs of a debtor business and / or determine whether it should continue to operate or be wound up. see winding up.
admission	pengangkatan
advocate	advokat
agent	agen	Someone who has been authorized by another person (the principal) to act on behalf of that person. The agent can enter into binding agreements and make other decisions on behalf of the principal, and can create liability for the principal if loss is caused while carrying out his or her duties.
aggravating factors	hal-hal yang memberatkan	In Indonesia, factors about the accused that a judge considers should increase the severity of the sentence handed down. Examples of these factors include: an accused behaving impolitely in court or not showing remorse, etc.
aggression	agresi	One state uses force against the territorial integrity, sovereignty or political independence of another state.
alternative dispute resolution (ADR)	alternatif penyelesaian sengketa	Forms of dispute resolution outside the court system, including arbitration, mediation and negotiation.
amendment	amandemen	Change to provisions of an existing law.
amnesty	amnesti	The government obliterates a wrongdoing or declares that it will not prosecute those who have committed a particular crime.
ancillary agreement	perjanjian tambahan	A supplementary agreement, the applicability and validity of which depends on the main agreement. If the main agreement is terminated then so is the ancillary agreement (but the opposite is not true).
annexation	aneksasi
announcement	pengumuman	1. An exclusive right held by copyright owners. in many countries the right to announce includes, reading in public, broadcasting, exhibition, sale, distribution, and dissemination of a work or creation using any equipment, including the internet, or any means which enables the work or creation to be read, heard or seen by another person. 2. Some intellectual property rights must be ‘announced’ in a government publication for a particular time as part of the registration process.
annual general meeting	Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham Tahunan (RUPS)	Meeting typically held annually between shareholders, directors, and commissioners of a company as regulated in the company’s articles of association. The meeting’s aim is to receive and approve the company’s report on the previous financial year’s results, determine payment of dividends to shareholders and determine company policy for the coming financial year.
anti-competition/ anti-trust	anti monopoli / anti pakat	Body of law which controls monopolies and other threats to competition posed by companies.
annual fee	biaya tahunan	Fee that must be paid by a patent holder every year.
annual leave	cuti tahunan	Under Indonesian law, the right of workers to take time off work for at least 12 working days each year. Only workers who have worked continuously for one year enjoy this right.
apparatus	aparatur
appeal	banding	A higher court (appeals court) reviews the decision of a lower court on the request of a dissatisfying party. In a civil law country, an appeals court will usually review the facts and the law the lower court relied upon in making its decision. in common law countries, an appeals court will often review the law applied by a lower court but will not usually disturb the findings of fact of the lower court.
appeal court	pengadilan banding	Court that has the authority to adjudicate appeals against decisions of lower courts. In Indonesia, the pengadilan tinggi is the appeals court.
arbiter	wasit	Literally, ‘umpire’. person appointed to settle a dispute, including by arbitration.
arbitration	arbitrase	Settlement of a civil dispute using an independent person (arbitrator or arbiter) or tribunal rather than the formal judicial process. the parties will usually be bound by the decision. Usually requires an agreement to arbitrate between the parties at dispute.
arbitrator	arbiter/arbitrator	Person who presides over, and resolves disputes in, arbitration proceedings.
argument (legal)	dalil	Legal argument submitted in court.
arrestee / detainee	tertangkap	Person arrested or detained.
article	pasal
articles of association	anggaran dasar	Document covering management of the company, including the powers of directors, operational issues, and the relationship between directors and shareholders. In some jurisdictions, the articles of association and the memorandum of association are separate documents that together form the constitution of the company. In others, one of these documents is no longer required or both have been merged. In Indonesia, the anggaran dasar is a part of the memorandum of association.
assault / battery	penganiayaan
asset-back securities	efek beragunan aset
assignment of claims	pengalihan hak tagih	Transfer of a debt by a creditor to a third party, in Indonesia through a deed. An executed assignment will only bind a debtor who is given notice of the assignment.
attorney	pengacara
attorney general	jaksa agung
attribution	atribusi	The provision of government authority by means of a law.
authentic deed	akta notaris	Deed created before a notary. this deed is the strongest form of documentary evidence in court. The main difference between this and other deeds is that the notary witnesses the time the legal act was carried out and by whom.
authentic deed	akta otentik	Equivalent to authentic deed.
autonomous region	daerah otonomi	A region established by law with defined boundaries which can regulate and administer local issues on its own initiative in accordance with the aspirations of its community.
authority	wewenang	Legal authority to do something.
award	putusan arbiter	Dispute-resolving decision of an arbitrator or arbitral body.